Radon Gas and Waterproofing: The Future of Below-Ground Construction Safety

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Written by Warren Muschialli

The landscape of below-ground construction and waterproofing design is on the brink of yet another significant transformation. The need to protect against radon gas, once a consideration only in ‘high-risk’ areas, is now emerging as a crucial element in designing safe waterproofing systems for all below-ground projects.

This shift is being driven by the 2023 update to Building Research Establishment (BRE) document BR 211 on ‘Radon: Guidance on protective measures for new buildings’. In response, the reaction of the British Board of Agrément (BBA) has been to begin updating all relevant Agrément Certificates, signalling a new era in basement waterproofing best-practice.

Designing to combat the risk from radon should now be considered from the outset of all basement projects, reshaping how we approach below-ground construction safety.

Understanding Radon Gas

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas formed by the decay of uranium in soil and rock. Colourless and odourless, it can accumulate in buildings. It is also 7.5 times heavier than air, making the risk in below-ground spaces even more significant, as they can act as a radon ‘sink’ for the gas to accumulate in, and potentially reach dangerous concentrations.

The UK Health Security Agency has identified radon exposure as a significant health risk, estimating that it contributes to over 1,100 lung cancer deaths annually in the UK.

Why is Radon So Dangerous?

Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. When radon decays, it produces radioactive particles that, when inhaled, can damage lung tissue. Long-term exposure to high levels of radon significantly increases the risk of lung cancer, a risk that is further amplified for smokers or those with pulmonary conditions.

Current Radon Protection Practices vs. Future Requirements

The most important standard to consider for radon protection is BR 211 on ‘Radon: Guidance on protective measures for new buildings’. Amended in 2023, BR 211 provides guidance on whether an area is susceptible to radon and, if it is, appropriate protective measures.

The previously traditional approach of selectively implementing radon protection for buildings only in high-risk areas relied heavily on radon maps to determine risk levels, with the additional option to carry out site-specific testing. However, the integration of radon protection with waterproofing systems was limited, and did not account for the increased radon risk in basements and other below-ground structures.

Instead, qualified waterproofing designers are now driving the idea of treating radon protection and waterproofing as interconnected aspects of below-ground safety. In the same way as waterproofing best practice assumes that water will come to bear against any below-ground structure, this comprehensive approach advocates for universal radon protection in all below-ground construction, regardless of geographical location or perceived risk levels.

It also emphasises the integration of radon protection with waterproofing systems from the earliest stages of design, recognising their significance in creating safe below-ground spaces.

We are proud to be at the forefront of this shift in perspective, which represents a proactive stance on radon protection, prioritising occupant safety and long-term building performance.

The Impact on Waterproofing Design and Specification

This change in approach acknowledges that while radon levels vary geographically, any below-ground space could potentially accumulate harmful concentrations of this radioactive gas.

Consequently, radon protection must be included by the project team, requiring architects and specifiers to adopt a more comprehensive approach to below-ground construction design. This will often result in radon measures being integrated into waterproofing specifications from the outset, including:

1. Early-stage consideration of radon protection requirements
2. Selection of appropriate radon measures which, in many cases, will include combined waterproofing and radon protection systems
3. Detailed specification of installation methods
4. Integration of monitoring and maintenance protocols
5. Improved documentation and certification requirements

Our Proactive Response to Industry Changes

We are at the forefront of this industry evolution. Whilst our range of advanced membranes allows for the installation of robust waterproofing and radon protection systems, the biggest challenge is that of educating other industry professionals on these fundamental changes.

Professional Development and Education

To support industry professionals in navigating these changes, we are developing a new RIBA approved CPD seminar focused on combined waterproofing and radon proofing systems. The CPD will cover the latest regulatory requirements, ensuring participants are up to date with industry standards and the changing landscape of best practice. Lastly, it will delve into the specification of combined radon and waterproofing systems.

The aim is to provide a deeper understanding of how waterproofing and radon protection can be effectively integrated into one system. It will also explore best practices for design and implementation, offering practical insights that can be applied directly to projects.

This holistic approach to professional development will enable industry experts to confidently tackle the challenges posed by the evolving picture of below-ground construction safety.

Testing and Monitoring

Proper testing and monitoring are essential for effective and persistent radon protection. This includes continuous monitoring of indoor radon levels to ensure ongoing safety, and allowing for immediate action if levels rise above acceptable thresholds. Regular system maintenance and verification complete the cycle, ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the radon protection measures.

Environmental and Health Considerations

The focus on radon protection aligns with broader environmental and health objectives. By addressing radon risks, we are contributing significantly to the improvement of indoor air quality, creating healthier living and working environments.

Furthermore, implementing robust radon protection measures ensures compliance with radiation protection standards, contributing to overall building safety. These efforts also align with sustainable building practices, showcasing how health, safety, and environmental consciousness can work together in modern construction.

Implementation and Quality Assurance

Successful implementation of combined waterproofing and radon protection requires a comprehensive approach:

1. It starts with detailed design specifications that integrate both waterproofing and radon protection measures.
2. Professional installation by qualified contractors is crucial to ensure the system’s integrity and effectiveness.
3. Once installed, comprehensive testing and verification processes validate the system’s performance.
4. Finally, regular maintenance and monitoring are essential to maintain the same level of protection over time.

Throughout this process, documentation and certification provide a clear record of compliance and system performance, offering peace of mind to building owners and occupants alike.

Expert Support from Newton Waterproofing

Our technical team offers comprehensive support for professionals adapting to these new requirements, including:

• Detailed specification packs
• Technical consultancy
• Installation guidance

As the industry moves towards universal radon protection in below-ground construction, staying informed and prepared is crucial.

Our expert team can help you navigate these important changes and ensure your projects meet both current and future safety standards.

Together, we can create safer, more secure below-ground spaces that protect occupants from both water ingress and harmful radon exposure. The future of construction safety is evolving, and we are here to help you stay ahead of the curve.

For more information about our radon protection products and services, contact our technical team to explore our complete range of solutions for below-ground construction safety.